Manuscript Format
Title
The title should appear on a separate page which should then be followed by the author(s) name and the institution name and address by indicating suitable superscripts. Title page should contain title of the paper in bold face, title case (Times New Roman, font size -14), names of the author(s) in normal face, upper case (Times New Roman, font size 12) followed by the address(es) in normal face, lower case. An asterisk (*) must be placed after the corresponding author(s) name as superscript whose email ID, fax, telephone number can be given at the bottom left corner of the title. Corresponding author has the responsibility to ensure that all co-authors are aware and approve the contents of the submitted manuscript.
Authors
All the communications will be made through the corresponding author who had submitted the manuscript using his username and password. A manuscript should contain maximum of 5 authors. After acceptance of the manuscript, no other author names will be included in the manuscript. If there are any corrections or inclusion of any author name, it should intimated through email before the final proof of the manuscript is sent to the author. The intimation should me made through email to editor@ijlser.com.
Abstract
The abstract should be informative and completely self-explanatory, briefly present the topic, state the scope of the experiments, indicate significant data and point out major findings and conclusions. The abstract should be 250 to 300 words in length. Complete sentences, active verbs and the abstract should be written in the past tense. Abbreviations should be avoided in the abstract. No references are to be cited. Objective should be mentioned properly at the end of the abstract.
Keywords
There should be minimum four keywords for each manuscript and should not exceed six maximum. It should be provided after the abstract.
Introduction
Beginning with a new page, it should be brief and limited to the statement of the problem / objectives / hypothesis and aims of the experiments with brief review of literature pertaining to the type of work.
Materials and Methods
It shall be started as continuation to Introduction on the same page. New methods should be described in sufficient details, and others can be directed to the published sources. The information given should be clear and complete so that anyone interested in repeating the experiments should be able to do. The section should clearly indicate the experimental design followed and the statistical methods used to summarize information for interpretation.
If any animal study was carried out, then the necessary institutional animal ethical committee approval should be taken and should be mentioned in the manuscript. If any human study was carried out, then necessary human ethical committee or appropriate approval should be taken and should be mentioned in the manuscript. The journal will not be responsible if any of the above if not followed and the editor’s decision would be final if any litigation arises during processing or after publishing.
Results and Discussion
Results and Discussion may be combined or separated based on the author’s requirement. Tables and figures should be designed to maximize the comprehension of the experimental data. The statistical treatment of data and significant level of the factors should be stated wherever necessary. Result should be written in past tense when describing findings in the author’s experiments. Previously published findings should be written in the present tense. Result should be explained, but largely without referring to the literature. Discussion section should deal with the interpretation of results, making the readers to understand of the problem taken and should be logical. State the conclusion in a few sentences at end of the paper. Same data should not be presented in both table and figure form.
Conclusion
Manuscript should have relevant brief conclusion (limited to 200 - 300) and should reflect the importance and future scope.
References
References should be quoted in the text by the surname of the author’s and the year e.g. Ramkumar (2010), Selvan and Kumar (2011). When there are more than two authors, the references should be quoted as: first author followed by et al. throughout the text e.g. Rani et al. (2011). Where more than one paper with same senior author has appeared in one year, the references should be distinguished in the text and in the references by letter arranged alphabetically followed by the citation of the year e.g. Singh (2010a), Singh (2010b).
The list of references (Reference section) at the end of the paper should be listed alphabetically by authors’ name, followed by initials, year of publication, full title of the paper, name of the journal (abbreviated according to the World List of Scientific Periodicals, London), volume number, initial and final page numbers. References to book should include name(s) of authors, initials, year of publication, title of the book, edition if not first, initial(s) and name(s) of editors if any, preceded by ed(s), place of publication, publishers and pages referred to. References to these must include the year, the title of the thesis, the degree for which submitted and the University. Journal names are abbreviated according to Chemical abstracts. Authors are fully responsible for the accuracy of the references. The punctuation given must be exactly followed.
Example for how to write Journal Reference
A few samples are given below on how to present the references. Authors should strictly follow the same style in their manuscripts.
Lloyd, R. 1961. Effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on the toxicity of several poisons to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). J. Exp. Biol., 38 : 447 – 455.
Singh, B.N. and Hughes, G.M. 1971. Respiration in an Air-breathing catfish, Clarias batrachus. J. Exp. Biol., 55 : 421 – 434.
Biswas, N., Ojha, J. and Munshi, J.S.D. 1979. Bimodal oxygen uptake relation to body weight of the amphibious mud-skipper, Boleophthalmus boddaerti (Pall). Indian. J. Exp. Biol., 17 : 222 – 246.
For thesis
Vijayalakshmi, P. 1996. Studies on some aspects of bimodal gas exchange, haematology and nitrogen excretion in the South Indian feather back Notopterus notopterus. Ph.D. thesis submitted to Bharathiar Univeristy, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
For Book and Chapters
Johansen, K. 1970. Air-breathing in fishes. In Fish Physiology. Edited By G.M. Hughes. Academic Press, Inc., London. 271 – 285.
Acknowledgement
Acknowledgement should include the names of those who contribute substantially to the work described in the manuscript but do not fulfill the requirements for the authorship. It should also include the sponsor or the funding agency of the project.
Tables
Tables should be typed in Microsoft-Word Table format on separate pages (Times New Roman – 12). They should be numbered consecutively using Arabic numerals and should be bear brief title. Column heading should be brief. Units of measurement should be abbreviated and placed below the headings. Inclusion of structural formulae inside the tables should be avoided. Tables should be self-explanatory without reference to the text. The same data should not be presented in both table and graph form. They should be supplied with headings and should be referred to as Table – 1 :………….., Table – 2:……………, etc.
Figures
Figure legends should be typed in numerical order on a separate sheet. Graph should be prepared using applications capable of generating high resolution GIFF or JPEG before pasting in the Microsoft Word manuscript file. Use Arabic numerals to designate figures and upper case letters for their parts (Fig – 1 :………………). Begin each legend with a title to include sufficient description, so that the figure is understandable without reading the text of the manuscript.
Proofs and Reprints
Electronic proofs will be sent electronically (e-mail attachment) to the Corresponding Author as a PDF file. Page proofs are considered to be the final version of the manuscript. With the exception of typographical or minor clerical errors, no changes will be made in the manuscript at the proofing stage. Because IJLSER (International Journal for Life Sciences and Educational Research) will be published freely online to attract a wide audience, authors will have free electronic access to the full text (PDF) of the article. Authors can freely download the PDF file from which they can print unlimited copies of their articles.
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